Designing for Human Autonomy
Most digital systems are designed around the needs of the organisation. They collect information, observe behaviour, measure engagement, create profiles and use what they learn to influence what happens next. Volume II asks what changes when the individual, rather than…
Why Does Every Digital Interaction Leave a Trail?
Every time we interact online, a record is created. A login. A purchase. A search. A message. A click. Most of us accept this as a normal part of digital life. But why? Why should every interaction generate a permanent…
Why Is My Identity Stored Everywhere Except With Me?
Every few weeks another organisation asks me to prove who I am. My bank knows. My employer knows. My insurer knows. My airline knows. Government departments know. Countless websites know. The obvious question is: Why is my identity stored in…
Why Am I Expected to Trust Everyone?
Every person knows this feeling. You book a holiday. You open a bank account. You use a mobile app. You join a loyalty programme. You visit a website. Each interaction comes with an invisible transaction. Your information in exchange for…
Twenty Years Later: Publishing My 2006 MSc Dissertation
In 2006, I submitted an MSc dissertation based on a research programme that I had independently funded through my own company. In 2026, twenty years later, I have decided to publish that dissertation in its original form. It has not…